2027年河南专升本英语易混词与短语辨析备考指南

编辑:张老师
来源:河南全日制专升本
2026-09-16

在专升本英语词汇板块中,易混词与短语辨析是“每年必考、考查密集、失分率极高”的核心板块,贯穿单选、词义辨析、改错、完形填空、翻译五大题型。根据考情分析,易混词辨析每年考查5—8题,直接影响单选的正确率;在完形填空和改错中,词汇辨析也占据相当比重。核心高频词汇约1000—1500个,考试不考查生僻词,重点围绕高频核心词、易混词辨析和固定搭配命题。

 

评分标准与得分策略

易混词辨析的核心命题逻辑是“在四个形近或义近的选项中,根据语境和搭配选择一个正确答案” 。做题时不能只凭语感,而要找到明确的判断依据——介词搭配、语义侧重点、语法结构、固定搭配,这四个维度是解题的关键。

 

得分策略分为三步:

第一步:看搭配。 介词搭配是短语辨析的第一判断依据,如agree with接人/意见、agree to接计划/建议、agree on表示双方达成一致。

第二步:看语义。 近义词的语义侧重点不同,如damage指部分损坏(可修复)、destroy指彻底毁坏(难以修复)、ruin常指毁掉前途/名誉。

第三步:看语法。 有些易混词组语法结构不同,如forget to do(事未做)vs. forget doing(事已做),regret to do(遗憾要做)vs. regret doing(后悔做过)。

 

知识点精讲与真题解析

agree with / agree to / agree on

agree with: 同意某人的意见,后接人或意见、看法类名词。还有“适合,符合”的含义。

agree to: 同意某项计划、安排或建议,后接plan, arrangement, suggestion, proposal, terms, method等名词。

agree on: 就……达成一致(双方共同商议的结果),后接方法、协议等。

I agree with you on this point.(同意你的意见)

They agreed to our proposal.(同意我们的提议)

The two sides agreed on the terms of the contract.(就合同条款达成一致)

真题示例:

Susan wants to know whether the measures have been agreed ______.

答案:on

解析: agree on意思是“商定(方法、协议)”,measures(措施)属于双方商议的内容,应用agree on。

易错点提醒: agree with还可表示“适合”,如The climate here doesn't agree with me.(这里的气候不适合我。)agree不与for和at搭配。

 

also / too / as well / either(表示“也”)

词    使用句类    位置

also    肯定句    句中(be/助动词/情态动词后,实义动词前)

too    肯定句    句末(前常用逗号)

as well    肯定句    句末

either    否定句    句末

He also likes playing basketball.

I like English, too.

She can sing, and she can dance as well.

He didn't come, and his brother didn't come, either.

 

become / get / grow / turn / go(表示“变化”)

become: 指身份、职位的变化,较正式。

get + adj.: 多用于口语,表示“变得”。

grow: 表逐渐变成某种状态。

turn: 指变得与以前完全不同,后常接表颜色或天气的形容词。

go + adj.: 常指从好的状态变为坏的(如go bad, go mad)。

He became a doctor after graduation.(身份变化)

It's getting dark. Let's go home.(口语,变得)

The weather is growing cold.(逐渐变冷)

His face turned red.(变红,颜色)

The milk has gone bad.(变坏,由好变坏)

 

before long / long before

before long: 不久以后(=soon),常用于一般将来时或一般过去时。

long before: 很久以前,常与过去完成时连用。

Before long, he will come back.(不久以后)

He had left long before we arrived.(很久以前,过去完成时)

 

but / however / while / though(表示“转折”)

but: 语气最强,表示直接转折,连接两个并列分句。

however: 语气稍弱,用作插入语,前后用逗号隔开。

while: 强调前后两者的对比。

though: 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。

He is poor but happy.(直接转折)

He is poor. However, he is happy.(插入语)

Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.(对比)

Though he is poor, he is happy.(让步)

易错点提醒: though/although不能与but连用,这是改错题的常见考点。

 

compare with / compare to

compare...with...: 把……和……相比较(同类比较)。

compare...to...: 把……比作……(比喻)。

Compare this book with that one.(比较)

We often compare teachers to candles.(比作)

 

damage / destroy / ruin

damage: 部分损坏,可以修复(可作动词和名词)。

destroy: 彻底毁坏,难以修复(只能作动词)。

ruin: 彻底毁坏(可作动词和名词),常指毁掉前途、名誉等。

The storm damaged the crops.(部分损坏)

The fire destroyed the whole building.(彻底毁坏)

His reputation was ruined by the scandal.(毁掉名誉)

 

die of / die from

die of: 死于内部原因(如疾病、衰老、饥饿)。

die from: 死于外部原因(如事故、创伤)。

He died of cancer.(内部原因)

She died from a car accident.(外部原因)

 

be famous for / as / to

be famous for: 以某种技能、作品或特征出名。

be famous as: 以某种身份出名。

be famous to: 为某人所知。

China is famous for the Great Wall.(以特征出名)

He is famous as a writer.(以身份出名)

The singer is famous to young people.(为某人所知)

 

hear of / hear about / hear from

hear of: 间接听说,知道有……。

hear about: 听到关于……的详情。

hear from: 收到……的来信/消息。

I have never heard of such a place.(听说过)

I heard about the accident from a friend.(听到详情)

I haven't heard from him for a long time.(收到来信)

 

in future / in the future

in future: 从今以后,强调从现在开始(=from now on)。

in the future: 在将来,指未来的某个时间点。

In future, I will be more careful.(从今以后)

In the future, robots will do more work.(在将来)

 

in the air / on the air / in the open air

in the air: 在空中;(计划等)悬而未决。

on the air: 正在广播。

in the open air: 在户外。

The plan is still in the air.(悬而未决)

The program is on the air.(正在广播)

We had a picnic in the open air.(在户外)

 

keep doing / keep on doing

keep doing: 一直做某事,强调活动不间断的状态。

keep on doing: 持续做某事,强调克服困难、反复或决心。

He kept standing there for an hour.(一直站着)

He kept on working despite his illness.(克服困难坚持)

 

no more than / not more than

no more than: 仅仅,只有(强调少)。

not more than: 至多,不超过(客观描述)。

He has no more than five dollars.(仅仅,强调少)

He has not more than five dollars.(至多,不超过)

 

only if / if only

only if: 只有……才……(引导条件状语从句)。

if only: 要是……就好了(后接虚拟语气)。

Only if you work hard can you succeed.(只有……才)

If only I were a bird!(要是……就好了)

 

sometime / sometimes / some time / some times

词组    含义    用法

sometime    在某个时候    指过去或将来某个不确定的时间

sometimes    有时    =at times,频率副词

some time    一段时间    表示时间段

some times    几次;几倍    表示次数或倍数

I saw him sometime last month.(某个时候)

Sometimes I walk to school.(有时)

I need some time to think.(一段时间)

I have been there some times.(几次)

 

forget to do / forget doing

forget to do: 忘记要做某事(事未做)。

forget doing: 忘记做过某事(事已做)。

Don't forget to lock the door.(事未做)

I forgot locking the door.(事已做,忘记锁过门)

 

regret to do / regret doing

regret to do: 遗憾/抱歉要做某事(常与say, tell, inform等连用)。

regret doing: 后悔做过某事。

I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(遗憾要告诉你)

I regret telling him the truth.(后悔告诉了他)

 

mean to do / mean doing

mean to do: 打算/意图做某事。

mean doing: 意味着做某事。

I mean to go there tomorrow.(打算做)

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(意味着)

 

try to do / try doing

try to do: 努力/设法做某事。

try doing: 尝试做某事(作为一种方法)。

He tried to solve the problem.(努力做)

Why not try doing it another way?(尝试做)

 

易错点与常见陷阱

介词搭配陷阱

介词搭配是短语辨析的第一判断依据。最常见的错误是将不同介词混用。

agree with sb.(同意某人) / agree to a plan(同意计划) / agree on terms(达成一致)

die of cancer(死于癌症) / die from a wound(死于创伤)

be famous for(以……出名) / be famous as(以……身份出名)

 

语义侧重点陷阱

近义词的语义侧重点不同,需要根据语境选择。

damage(部分损坏,可修复) / destroy(彻底毁坏,不可修复) / ruin(毁掉前途/名誉)

no more than(仅仅,强调少) / not more than(至多,客观描述)

before long(不久以后) / long before(很久以前)

 

语法结构陷阱

有些易混词组的区别在于后接不定式还是动名词,含义完全不同。

结构    含义    示例

forget to do    忘记要做(事未做)    Don't forget to lock the door.

forget doing    忘记做过(事已做)    I forgot locking the door.

regret to do    遗憾要做(事未做)    I regret to tell you...

regret doing    后悔做过(事已做)    I regret telling him.

mean to do    打算做    I mean to go there.

mean doing    意味着做    It means waiting.

try to do    努力/设法做    He tried to solve it.

try doing    尝试做    Why not try doing it another way?

 

专项练习题

练习一(agree系列):

The two sides have finally agreed ______ the price of the goods.

A. with  B. to  C. on  D. for

答案:C

解析: 双方就价格达成一致,应用agree on。agree with接人或意见,agree to接计划/建议,agree不与for搭配。

 

练习二(也的表达):

He didn't finish his homework, and his brother didn't, ______.

A. also  B. too  C. as well  D. either

答案:D

解析: 否定句中表示“也”应用either,放在句末。

 

练习三(变化动词):

The leaves ______ yellow in autumn.

A. became  B. got  C. turned  D. grew

答案:C

解析: turn后常接表颜色的形容词,表示变得与以前完全不同,故选turned。

 

练习四(damage/destroy/ruin):

The earthquake ______ the whole city. It will take years to rebuild.

A. damaged  B. destroyed  C. ruined  D. hurt

答案:B

解析: 根据“It will take years to rebuild”可知整个城市被彻底毁坏,应用destroyed。damage指部分损坏,ruin常指毁掉前途/名誉。

 

练习五(forget/regret/mean/try):

I ______ to tell you that your application has been rejected.

A. forget  B. regret  C. mean  D. try

答案:B

解析: regret to do表示“遗憾/抱歉要做某事”,常与tell, say, inform等连用,符合“告知申请被拒”的语境。

 

练习六(短语辨析):

______, he will come back and we can discuss the matter again.

A. Long before  B. Before long

C. In future  D. In the future

答案:B

解析: before long表示“不久以后”,符合“他不久就会回来”的语境。long before意为“很久以前”,与语境不符。

 

备考建议

第一,建立“辨析三要素”判断法。 遇到易混词或短语时,从三个维度判断:介词搭配(agree with还是agree to)、语义侧重点(damage还是destroy)、语法结构(forget to do还是forget doing)。每天分析5—8组易混词,培养快速判断能力。

 

第二,按“词组家族”分类整理。 不要孤立记忆单个词组,而是按家族归类对比。例如:agree系列、die系列、famous系列、hear系列、in future系列、only if系列、forget/regret/mean/try的to do vs. doing系列。建议整理一份“易混词组家族对照表”,每组配一个典型例句。

 

第三,重点攻克“to do vs. doing”的语义差异。 forget/regret/mean/try/stop/remember这六个动词后接to do和doing时含义完全不同,是单选和改错的高频考点。建议制作一张对比表,每个词组配两个例句,反复默写。

 

第四,专项刷题+错题分类。 每天做5—8道易混词辨析练习题,做完后按错误类型分类整理:介词搭配错误、语义侧重点混淆、语法结构错误。考前一周集中回顾错题,重点关注反复出错的词组家族。

 

第五,注意词汇在写作中的运用。 易混词辨析不仅影响单选和改错,也影响写作的准确度。写作中要注意:使用正确的介词搭配(agree with sb. / agree to a plan)、选择语义准确的动词(damage还是destroy)、避免to do和doing的误用。建议积累20个包含易混词组搭配的优秀句式,在作文中灵活运用。

 

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