在专升本英语词汇板块中,易混词与短语辨析是“每年必考、考查密集、失分率极高”的核心板块,贯穿单选、词义辨析、改错、完形填空、翻译五大题型。根据考情分析,易混词辨析每年考查5—8题,直接影响单选的正确率;在完形填空和改错中,词汇辨析也占据相当比重。核心高频词汇约1000—1500个,考试不考查生僻词,重点围绕高频核心词、易混词辨析和固定搭配命题。
易混词辨析的核心命题逻辑是“在四个形近或义近的选项中,根据语境和搭配选择一个正确答案” 。做题时不能只凭语感,而要找到明确的判断依据——介词搭配、语义侧重点、语法结构、固定搭配,这四个维度是解题的关键。
得分策略分为三步:
第一步:看搭配。 介词搭配是短语辨析的第一判断依据,如agree with接人/意见、agree to接计划/建议、agree on表示双方达成一致。
第二步:看语义。 近义词的语义侧重点不同,如damage指部分损坏(可修复)、destroy指彻底毁坏(难以修复)、ruin常指毁掉前途/名誉。
第三步:看语法。 有些易混词组语法结构不同,如forget to do(事未做)vs. forget doing(事已做),regret to do(遗憾要做)vs. regret doing(后悔做过)。
agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with: 同意某人的意见,后接人或意见、看法类名词。还有“适合,符合”的含义。
agree to: 同意某项计划、安排或建议,后接plan, arrangement, suggestion, proposal, terms, method等名词。
agree on: 就……达成一致(双方共同商议的结果),后接方法、协议等。
I agree with you on this point.(同意你的意见)
They agreed to our proposal.(同意我们的提议)
The two sides agreed on the terms of the contract.(就合同条款达成一致)
真题示例:
Susan wants to know whether the measures have been agreed ______.
答案:on
解析: agree on意思是“商定(方法、协议)”,measures(措施)属于双方商议的内容,应用agree on。
易错点提醒: agree with还可表示“适合”,如The climate here doesn't agree with me.(这里的气候不适合我。)agree不与for和at搭配。
also / too / as well / either(表示“也”)
词 使用句类 位置
also 肯定句 句中(be/助动词/情态动词后,实义动词前)
too 肯定句 句末(前常用逗号)
as well 肯定句 句末
either 否定句 句末
He also likes playing basketball.
I like English, too.
She can sing, and she can dance as well.
He didn't come, and his brother didn't come, either.
become / get / grow / turn / go(表示“变化”)
become: 指身份、职位的变化,较正式。
get + adj.: 多用于口语,表示“变得”。
grow: 表逐渐变成某种状态。
turn: 指变得与以前完全不同,后常接表颜色或天气的形容词。
go + adj.: 常指从好的状态变为坏的(如go bad, go mad)。
He became a doctor after graduation.(身份变化)
It's getting dark. Let's go home.(口语,变得)
The weather is growing cold.(逐渐变冷)
His face turned red.(变红,颜色)
The milk has gone bad.(变坏,由好变坏)
before long / long before
before long: 不久以后(=soon),常用于一般将来时或一般过去时。
long before: 很久以前,常与过去完成时连用。
Before long, he will come back.(不久以后)
He had left long before we arrived.(很久以前,过去完成时)
but / however / while / though(表示“转折”)
but: 语气最强,表示直接转折,连接两个并列分句。
however: 语气稍弱,用作插入语,前后用逗号隔开。
while: 强调前后两者的对比。
though: 引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。
He is poor but happy.(直接转折)
He is poor. However, he is happy.(插入语)
Some people like coffee, while others prefer tea.(对比)
Though he is poor, he is happy.(让步)
易错点提醒: though/although不能与but连用,这是改错题的常见考点。
compare with / compare to
compare...with...: 把……和……相比较(同类比较)。
compare...to...: 把……比作……(比喻)。
Compare this book with that one.(比较)
We often compare teachers to candles.(比作)
damage / destroy / ruin
damage: 部分损坏,可以修复(可作动词和名词)。
destroy: 彻底毁坏,难以修复(只能作动词)。
ruin: 彻底毁坏(可作动词和名词),常指毁掉前途、名誉等。
The storm damaged the crops.(部分损坏)
The fire destroyed the whole building.(彻底毁坏)
His reputation was ruined by the scandal.(毁掉名誉)
die of / die from
die of: 死于内部原因(如疾病、衰老、饥饿)。
die from: 死于外部原因(如事故、创伤)。
He died of cancer.(内部原因)
She died from a car accident.(外部原因)
be famous for / as / to
be famous for: 以某种技能、作品或特征出名。
be famous as: 以某种身份出名。
be famous to: 为某人所知。
China is famous for the Great Wall.(以特征出名)
He is famous as a writer.(以身份出名)
The singer is famous to young people.(为某人所知)
hear of / hear about / hear from
hear of: 间接听说,知道有……。
hear about: 听到关于……的详情。
hear from: 收到……的来信/消息。
I have never heard of such a place.(听说过)
I heard about the accident from a friend.(听到详情)
I haven't heard from him for a long time.(收到来信)
in future / in the future
in future: 从今以后,强调从现在开始(=from now on)。
in the future: 在将来,指未来的某个时间点。
In future, I will be more careful.(从今以后)
In the future, robots will do more work.(在将来)
in the air / on the air / in the open air
in the air: 在空中;(计划等)悬而未决。
on the air: 正在广播。
in the open air: 在户外。
The plan is still in the air.(悬而未决)
The program is on the air.(正在广播)
We had a picnic in the open air.(在户外)
keep doing / keep on doing
keep doing: 一直做某事,强调活动不间断的状态。
keep on doing: 持续做某事,强调克服困难、反复或决心。
He kept standing there for an hour.(一直站着)
He kept on working despite his illness.(克服困难坚持)
no more than / not more than
no more than: 仅仅,只有(强调少)。
not more than: 至多,不超过(客观描述)。
He has no more than five dollars.(仅仅,强调少)
He has not more than five dollars.(至多,不超过)
only if / if only
only if: 只有……才……(引导条件状语从句)。
if only: 要是……就好了(后接虚拟语气)。
Only if you work hard can you succeed.(只有……才)
If only I were a bird!(要是……就好了)
sometime / sometimes / some time / some times
词组 含义 用法
sometime 在某个时候 指过去或将来某个不确定的时间
sometimes 有时 =at times,频率副词
some time 一段时间 表示时间段
some times 几次;几倍 表示次数或倍数
I saw him sometime last month.(某个时候)
Sometimes I walk to school.(有时)
I need some time to think.(一段时间)
I have been there some times.(几次)
forget to do / forget doing
forget to do: 忘记要做某事(事未做)。
forget doing: 忘记做过某事(事已做)。
Don't forget to lock the door.(事未做)
I forgot locking the door.(事已做,忘记锁过门)
regret to do / regret doing
regret to do: 遗憾/抱歉要做某事(常与say, tell, inform等连用)。
regret doing: 后悔做过某事。
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(遗憾要告诉你)
I regret telling him the truth.(后悔告诉了他)
mean to do / mean doing
mean to do: 打算/意图做某事。
mean doing: 意味着做某事。
I mean to go there tomorrow.(打算做)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(意味着)
try to do / try doing
try to do: 努力/设法做某事。
try doing: 尝试做某事(作为一种方法)。
He tried to solve the problem.(努力做)
Why not try doing it another way?(尝试做)
介词搭配陷阱
介词搭配是短语辨析的第一判断依据。最常见的错误是将不同介词混用。
agree with sb.(同意某人) / agree to a plan(同意计划) / agree on terms(达成一致)
die of cancer(死于癌症) / die from a wound(死于创伤)
be famous for(以……出名) / be famous as(以……身份出名)
语义侧重点陷阱
近义词的语义侧重点不同,需要根据语境选择。
damage(部分损坏,可修复) / destroy(彻底毁坏,不可修复) / ruin(毁掉前途/名誉)
no more than(仅仅,强调少) / not more than(至多,客观描述)
before long(不久以后) / long before(很久以前)
语法结构陷阱
有些易混词组的区别在于后接不定式还是动名词,含义完全不同。
结构 含义 示例
forget to do 忘记要做(事未做) Don't forget to lock the door.
forget doing 忘记做过(事已做) I forgot locking the door.
regret to do 遗憾要做(事未做) I regret to tell you...
regret doing 后悔做过(事已做) I regret telling him.
mean to do 打算做 I mean to go there.
mean doing 意味着做 It means waiting.
try to do 努力/设法做 He tried to solve it.
try doing 尝试做 Why not try doing it another way?
练习一(agree系列):
The two sides have finally agreed ______ the price of the goods.
A. with B. to C. on D. for
答案:C
解析: 双方就价格达成一致,应用agree on。agree with接人或意见,agree to接计划/建议,agree不与for搭配。
练习二(也的表达):
He didn't finish his homework, and his brother didn't, ______.
A. also B. too C. as well D. either
答案:D
解析: 否定句中表示“也”应用either,放在句末。
练习三(变化动词):
The leaves ______ yellow in autumn.
A. became B. got C. turned D. grew
答案:C
解析: turn后常接表颜色的形容词,表示变得与以前完全不同,故选turned。
练习四(damage/destroy/ruin):
The earthquake ______ the whole city. It will take years to rebuild.
A. damaged B. destroyed C. ruined D. hurt
答案:B
解析: 根据“It will take years to rebuild”可知整个城市被彻底毁坏,应用destroyed。damage指部分损坏,ruin常指毁掉前途/名誉。
练习五(forget/regret/mean/try):
I ______ to tell you that your application has been rejected.
A. forget B. regret C. mean D. try
答案:B
解析: regret to do表示“遗憾/抱歉要做某事”,常与tell, say, inform等连用,符合“告知申请被拒”的语境。
练习六(短语辨析):
______, he will come back and we can discuss the matter again.
A. Long before B. Before long
C. In future D. In the future
答案:B
解析: before long表示“不久以后”,符合“他不久就会回来”的语境。long before意为“很久以前”,与语境不符。
第一,建立“辨析三要素”判断法。 遇到易混词或短语时,从三个维度判断:介词搭配(agree with还是agree to)、语义侧重点(damage还是destroy)、语法结构(forget to do还是forget doing)。每天分析5—8组易混词,培养快速判断能力。
第二,按“词组家族”分类整理。 不要孤立记忆单个词组,而是按家族归类对比。例如:agree系列、die系列、famous系列、hear系列、in future系列、only if系列、forget/regret/mean/try的to do vs. doing系列。建议整理一份“易混词组家族对照表”,每组配一个典型例句。
第三,重点攻克“to do vs. doing”的语义差异。 forget/regret/mean/try/stop/remember这六个动词后接to do和doing时含义完全不同,是单选和改错的高频考点。建议制作一张对比表,每个词组配两个例句,反复默写。
第四,专项刷题+错题分类。 每天做5—8道易混词辨析练习题,做完后按错误类型分类整理:介词搭配错误、语义侧重点混淆、语法结构错误。考前一周集中回顾错题,重点关注反复出错的词组家族。
第五,注意词汇在写作中的运用。 易混词辨析不仅影响单选和改错,也影响写作的准确度。写作中要注意:使用正确的介词搭配(agree with sb. / agree to a plan)、选择语义准确的动词(damage还是destroy)、避免to do和doing的误用。建议积累20个包含易混词组搭配的优秀句式,在作文中灵活运用。
