在河南专升本公共英语语法板块中,特殊句型(含倒装、强调、虚拟语气)属于“固定套路、重复考查率极高”的送分题。根据高频考点分析,特殊句型每年考3—4题。其中倒装句和虚拟语气是重中之重,在单选、改错、翻译三大题型中均有分布。
倒装句的核心命题逻辑是“触发词位于句首→使用倒装” 。做题时只需三步:看句首词判断是否触发倒装、区分全倒还是半倒、找到对应时态的助动词。
虚拟语气的核心命题逻辑是“表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句→用(should)+动词原形” 。should可省略是考试的关键得分点。
得分策略: 倒装题先找触发词(only/否定词/so/hardly/not only等),虚拟语气题先找标志词(suggest/insist/demand/order等),两者都是“看到信号词就能确定答案”的固定套路。
as, though, although 引导的让步状语从句
although 常用于句首,语气较为正式。
though 可用于句首或句中,位置灵活。
as 引导让步状语从句时,必须用倒装结构,将表语、状语或动词原形提前。名词前置时省略冠词。
用法示例:
Although he is young, he knows a lot.(although用于句首,正常语序)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(as引导,名词前置,省略冠词a)
Hard as he tried, he still failed.(as引导,副词前置)
Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.(as引导,动词原形前置)
真题示例:
______, he is not capable of doing the job well.
A. As he is clever B. Clever as he is
C. Though clever he is D. As clever he is
答案:B
解析: as引导让步状语从句时,需将表语clever提前构成倒装,故选B。
易错点提醒: as引导让步状语从句的倒装结构与as引导原因状语从句的正常语序容易混淆。关键区别在于:表语/状语提前到as之前就是让步状语从句(“尽管……”),否则是原因状语从句(“因为……”)。
“in case” 的用法
in case of + n. :以防,万一。后接名词或名词短语。
in case (that) + 从句:以防,万一。从句谓语常用一般现在时或should + 动词原形。
此外,lest和for fear that引导的从句也用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should do/be done的形式,should可省略。
用法示例:
Take an umbrella in case of rain.(in case of + 名词)
Take an umbrella in case it (should) rain.(in case + 从句)
She always studies hard in case (that) she may lag behind her classmates.
全部倒装
句首是here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down等副词,且主语是名词时,句子完全倒装(无需助动词,直接将谓语置于主语之前)。
Here comes the bus.(正常语序:The bus comes here.)
Out rushed a missile.(正常语序:A missile rushed out.)
On the grassland lay the farmer and his family.(地点状语置于句首,完全倒装)
易错点提醒: 如果主语是人称代词,即使句首是方位副词,也不倒装。
Here he comes.(正确) / Here comes he.(错误)
部分倒装(助动词/be动词提到主语前)
部分倒装需要借助助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had)或情态动词,将其提到主语之前。
(1)So...that 句型中,So及所修饰的形容词/副词位于句首时:
So frightened was he that he couldn't move.(正常语序:He was so frightened that he couldn't move.)
So fast did he run that we couldn't catch up.
(2)表示“也”/“也不”:so/neither/nor + 助动词 + 主语:
I am a student. So is he.
He didn't come. Neither did she.
易混辨析: So + 主语 + be/助动词/情态动词 → 表示“的确如此”(赞同上文同一人);So + 助动词 + 主语 → 表示“主语也如此”(前后主语不同)。
—Tom works hard.
—So he does.(他确实很努力,赞同同一人)
—So does Jack.(Jack也很努力,主语不同)
(3)否定词位于句首时: never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, by no means等。
Never shall I forget your advice.
Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.
(4)虚拟条件句省略if时: 当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含should, had或were时,可省略if并将should/had/were放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(= If it should rain tomorrow...)
Had I known earlier, I would have helped you.(= If I had known earlier...)
Were I you, I would accept the offer.(= If I were you...)
特殊情形的倒装
(1)Only + 状语位于句首时,主句倒装:
Only in this way can we succeed.
Only when you work hard can you achieve your dreams.
易错点提醒: Only修饰主语位于句首时不倒装。
Only he can solve this problem.(Only修饰主语he,不倒装)
(2)Not until + 从句位于句首时,主句倒装,从句不倒装:
Not until he came back did I leave.
Not until last week did they find the lost bike.
(3)Not only...but also... 连接两个分句,且Not only位于句首时,第一个分句倒装,第二个分句保持正常语序:
Not only was he late, but he also forgot his homework.
(4)No sooner...than... / Hardly...when... 结构中,No sooner或Hardly位于句首时,其所在分句倒装:
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly had he sat down when the phone rang.
“should + 动词原形”的虚拟结构
用于表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,should可省略。
口诀:一坚持(insist),两命令(order, command),四建议(suggest, advise, recommend, propose),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)。
用法示例:
I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.
The manager ordered that the work (should) be finished on time.
They demanded that the meeting (should) be postponed.
使用要点: 在It is essential/necessary/important/strange...+that...句型中,that引导的主语从句谓语动词也需使用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形,should可以省略。
It is essential that enough money (should) be raised to fund the project.
介词 by 的用法
by 是专升本英语中考查频率极高的介词,用法多样:
在……旁边(靠近): Some are drawing by the lake.
不迟于,到……时为止: Your son will be all right by supper time.
表示方式、手段(靠、用、通过、乘坐): by bus, learn by doing
表示根据、按照: What time is it by your watch?
在被动语态中表示行为主体: English is spoken by many people.
表示逐个、逐批: One by one they went past the table.
介词 for 的用法
为了,给(目的): buy a gift for you
历经(时间/距离): for a month
以……为代价/交换: pay $5 for the book
支持,赞成: be for the plan(反义词:against)
就……而言: He is tall for his age.
倒装的五大高频陷阱
陷阱一:Only修饰主语不倒装。 只有Only修饰状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)位于句首时才倒装。Only修饰主语时,句子保持正常语序。
Only he can answer the question.(正确,Only修饰主语,不倒装)
陷阱二:Not until的倒装位置。 Not until位于句首时,主句倒装,从句不倒装。很多考生误将从句也倒装。
Not until he came back did I leave.(主句did I leave倒装,从句he came back不倒装)
陷阱三:方位副词倒装时主语为代词。 here, there等方位副词位于句首时,只有主语是名词才全倒装,主语是代词则不倒装。
Here comes the bus.(名词主语,倒装) / Here it comes.(代词主语,不倒装)
陷阱四:Not only...but also...的倒装范围。 只有第一个分句倒装,but also后面的分句保持正常语序。
Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got the highest score.(前倒后不倒)
陷阱五:So...that中So位于句首与So表示“也”的混淆。 So + 形容词/副词位于句首时,主句倒装,表示“如此……以至于”;So + 助动词 + 主语表示“也如此”。
So tired was he that he fell asleep immediately.(如此累以至于……)
He was tired. So was she.(她也如此)
虚拟语气的三大高频陷阱
陷阱一:suggest的两种含义。 suggest表示“建议”时,宾语从句用(should)+动词原形;表示“表明、暗示”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
He suggested that we (should) start early.(建议,虚拟语气)
His pale face suggested that he was ill.(表明,陈述语气)
陷阱二:should可以省略但被动语态be不能省略。 在(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气中,如果动作是被动关系,应用(should) be done,should可省略但be不能省。
He demanded that the meeting (should) be postponed.(meeting与postpone是被动关系)
陷阱三:虚拟条件句省略if时的倒装。 只有含should, had, were的虚拟条件句才能省略if并倒装;不含这三个词的条件句不能省略if。
Were I you, I would go.(含were,可倒装)
If I had time, I would go.(含had,可倒装为Had I time...)
练习一(让步状语从句倒装):
______, she still couldn't finish the task on time.
A. As she worked hard B. Hard as she worked
C. Though hard she worked D. Hard though she worked
答案:B
解析: as引导让步状语从句时,需将副词hard提前构成倒装。though也可引导让步状语从句,但though引导时可用正常语序或倒装语序,as引导时必须倒装。
练习二(Only倒装):
Only when the war was over ______ to his hometown.
A. he returned B. did he return
C. returned he D. he did return
答案:B
解析: Only+状语从句位于句首时,主句需部分倒装,将助动词提到主语之前,故选B。
练习三(Not until倒装):
Not until he arrived home ______ that he had left his keys in the office.
A. he found B. did he find
C. he did find D. found he
答案:B
解析: Not until位于句首时,主句部分倒装,从句不倒装。根据arrived可知为过去时,助动词用did,故选B。
练习四(虚拟语气):
The manager suggested that the meeting ______ until next Friday.
A. was postponed B. be postponed
C. postponed D. would be postponed
答案:B
解析: suggest表示“建议”时,宾语从句用(should)+动词原形,meeting与postpone之间是被动关系,故用(should) be postponed,should可省略,故选B。
练习五(Not only...but also倒装):
Not only ______ the exam, but he also got the highest score in the class.
A. he passed B. did he pass
C. he did pass D. passed he
答案:B
解析: Not only位于句首时,其所在分句需部分倒装,but also后面的分句保持正常语序,故选B。
练习六(介词辨析):
Thank you ______ the beautiful flowers.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
答案:D
解析: 由于某事向某人道谢应用for,thank sb. for sth.是固定搭配。
第一,掌握倒装“三步判断法”。 做题时按照以下步骤操作:第一步,看句首词——判断是否触发倒装(否定词/only/so/hardly/not only等);第二步,区分全倒还是半倒——有否定词、only、so触发半倒装,方位副词+名词主语触发全倒装;第三步,找时态助动词——过去动作选did/had,现在选do/does/have,将来选will/can。
第二,背熟虚拟语气信号词清单。 核心口诀“一坚持、两命令、四建议、四要求”共11个动词,必须能准确默写并区分含义。此外,还需掌握It is essential/necessary/important that...句型中的虚拟语气用法。
第三,专项突破“倒装+虚拟语气”组合考点。 考试中经常出现倒装和虚拟语气联合考查的题目,如“Were I you, I would...”“Had I known...”等省略if的倒装虚拟条件句。建议整理10个类似例句,每天朗读背诵。
第四,整理介词固定搭配清单。 by和for是介词考查的重中之重。建议整理包含这两个介词的固定搭配,分为三组记忆:by表方式/时间/被动、for表目的/原因/交换、其他高频介词短语(in case of, by no means, for the sake of等)。
第五,注意语法在写作中的运用。 倒装句和虚拟语气是作文中的“加分利器”,恰当使用能让文章由平淡变生动。例如,用“Only in this way can we...”引出建议,用“Not only...but also...”列举论据,用“It is essential that... (should)...”强调必要性。一篇120词的作文中使用1—2个倒装句即可,过多会影响文章的自然流畅度。
