2027年河南专升本英语代词与限定词备考指南

编辑:张老师
来源:河南全日制专升本
2026-09-10

在英语语法板块中,代词与限定词是“语法的底层基础”,贯穿单选、改错、完形填空、翻译等几乎所有题型。代词涉及题型包括单选、改错、完形填空及翻译,占分比例约4—6分。限定词(如all/both/many/much/few/little等)则广泛出现在完形填空的语境辨析、改错题的主谓一致判断和翻译题的数量表达中。两者合计约占语法考点的15%—20%,属于“考得不难但丢分不少”的板块。

 

评分标准与得分策略

代词的核心命题逻辑是“指代一致” 。改错题中考查代词时,最常见的方式是前后指代不一致,如主语是some people,后面却用了our parents,应将our改为their。此外,代词的主格宾格混用、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词混用也是高频错误。

 

限定词的核心命题逻辑是“可数不可数+谓语单复数” 。all指整体时谓语用单数,指个体时用复数;both做主语时谓语动词永远用复数;many a后接单数可数名词但谓语动词用单数,这些都是改错和单选的高频考点。

 

得分策略: 代词先判断“指代谁”,再判断“用什么格”;限定词先判断“修饰可数还是不可数”,再判断“谓语用单数还是复数”。

 

知识点精讲与真题解析

all 和 both 的用法

all: 指三者或三者以上“全部”。指整体时谓语用单数,指个体时用复数。

both: 指两者“都”,谓语动词永远用复数。

用法示例:

All the students in our class have passed the exam.(指个体,谓语用复数)

All that glitters is not gold.(指整体/抽象,谓语用单数)

Both of my parents are teachers.(指两者,谓语用复数)

真题示例:

There are two windows in the room. ______ of them face south.

A. All  B. Both  C. Each  D. Every

答案:B

解析: 根据“two windows”可知是两者,应用Both,谓语face用复数。All用于三者或三者以上,Each和Every后接单数谓语,均不符合语境。

易错点提醒: all和both的常见错误是谓语动词的单复数选择。all指人时通常视为复数,指事物或整体时视为单数;both则永远视为复数。做题时先判断“几个”,再判断谓语形式。

 

many 和 much 的用法

many: 修饰或代替可数名词。

much: 修饰或代替不可数名词。

many a: 后接单数可数名词,但谓语动词用单数。例:Many a student has passed the exam.

a good/great many: 后接复数可数名词,谓语用复数。

as many as / as much as: 和……一样多(前者接可数,后者接不可数)。

用法示例:

Many students are interested in this topic.(many修饰可数名词复数)

There is not much water left in the bottle.(much修饰不可数名词)

Many a student has passed the exam.(many a + 单数名词 + 单数谓语)

真题示例:

______ student has finished the assignment on time.

A. Many  B. Much  C. Many a  D. A great many

答案:C

解析: 根据student为单数形式且谓语has finished为单数可知,应用Many a。A、D项后接复数名词和复数谓语,B项修饰不可数名词,均不符合。

易错点提醒: many a和a great many是“形似义反”的一组——many a形式像复数(many),但语法上要求单数名词和单数谓语;a great many形式像单数,但要求复数名词和复数谓语。记忆技巧:“many a 后面单,a great many 后面复。”

 

little, a little, few, a few 的辨析

little / a little: 修饰不可数名词。a little表肯定,“有一点”;little表否定,“几乎没有”。

few / a few: 修饰可数名词。a few表肯定,“有几个”;few表否定,“几乎没有”。

用法示例:

Hurry up! There is little time left.(几乎没有时间了,否定含义,不可数)

Don't worry. We still have a little time.(还有一点时间,肯定含义,不可数)

Few students passed the difficult exam.(几乎没有学生通过,否定含义,可数)

A few students stayed after class to ask questions.(有几个学生留下,肯定含义,可数)

真题示例:

The problem is so difficult that ______ students can solve it.

A. few  B. a few  C. little  D. a little

答案:A

解析: students为可数名词,排除C、D。根据“problem is so difficult”可知,几乎没有学生能解出此题,表示否定含义,应用few。

易错点提醒: 有无冠词a,含义天差地别。a little和a few表示“有一点”,语气肯定;little和few表示“几乎没有”,语气否定。此外,还要注意区分“修饰可数还是不可数”:有a无a只改变语气,名词类型判断决定用few还是little。

 

形容词和副词的比较级与最高级

as well as: 也,又;和……一样好。

as far as: 就……而言;远至……。

原级比较: as + 原级 + as(和……一样),not so/as + 原级 + as(不如……)。

比较级: 比较级 + than。可用much, even, far, a lot等修饰比较级,表示程度。

用法示例:

She sings as well as her sister.(和……一样好)

This book is far more interesting than that one.(far修饰比较级,表示程度)

He is not so tall as his brother.(不如……)

真题示例:

She looks ______ younger than she actually is.

A. more  B. much  C. very  D. most

答案:B

解析: 比较级younger本身已包含“更”的含义,不能用more修饰,排除A。much可修饰比较级表示程度,符合题意。very和most不能修饰比较级。

易错点提醒: 比较级前只能用much, even, far, a lot, still, no等修饰,不能用more。错误:She looks more younger than I. 正确:She looks much younger than I.

 

重要介词短语

except for: 除了(整体中的细节例外)

in place of: 代替

on behalf of: 代表

but for: 要不是(常用于虚拟语气)

in front of: 在……前面(外部)

用法示例:

The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.(整体好,细节有例外)

But for your help, I would have failed.(要不是你的帮助,虚拟语气)

He spoke on behalf of the whole class.(代表全班发言)

 

介词辨析:across, over, through, past

across: 横穿表面(过马路、过桥)。

over: 越过上方(跨过障碍、翻过山)。

through: 穿过空间内部(穿过森林、隧道)。

past: 从旁经过(走过门口)。

用法示例:

Walk across the street carefully.(横穿马路,表面)

The plane flew over the mountain.(飞越山顶,上方)

They walked through the forest.(穿过森林,内部空间)

He walked past the shop without stopping.(从旁经过)

易错点提醒: across强调“从一边到另一边”的表面横穿,over强调“从上方越过”的跨越感,through强调“从内部穿过”的纵深,past强调“从旁边经过”的不停留。做题时想象画面即可区分。

 

易混淆的介词短语

in all: 总共

after all: 毕竟

at all: 根本(常用于否定句和疑问句加强语气)

above all: 最重要的是

用法示例:

There are 50 students in all in our class.(总共)

Don't blame him. After all, he is only a child.(毕竟)

I don't like it at all.(根本不,否定加强语气)

Above all, we must be honest.(最重要的是)

易错点提醒: 这四个短语都以all结尾,但含义完全不同。at all多用于否定句和疑问句加强语气,above all强调“最重要”,after all表示“毕竟、终究”,in all表示“总计”。

 

序数词的用法

序数词前必须加定冠词the。 例:the first lesson。

序数词与基数词连用时,序数词在前。 例:the first three chapters(前三章)。

用法示例:

This is the third time I have visited Beijing.(序数词前加the)

The first two chapters are the most important.(序数词在前,基数词在后)

易错点提醒: 改错题中经常考查“序数词前漏掉the”或“序数词与基数词顺序颠倒”。记忆口诀:“序数词前必加the,序基连用序在前。”

 

易错点与常见陷阱

代词的三大高频陷阱

陷阱一:指代不一致。 代词必须与所指代的名词在人称、数、性上保持一致。

Some people in their twenties still get their life supported by our parents.(错误)

应将our改为their,因为主语是some people,指代“他们的父母”。

 

陷阱二:主格与宾格混用。 主格作主语,宾格作宾语。介词后必须用宾格。

Between you and I, he is not honest.(错误)

应将I改为me,因为between是介词,后接宾格。

 

陷阱三:形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词混用。 形容词性物主代词后必须接名词,名词性物主代词可独立使用。

This is my book, and that is her.(错误)

应将her改为hers,因为此处需要名词性物主代词独立作表语。

 

限定词的三大高频陷阱

陷阱一:many a 的谓语形式。 many a后接单数名词,谓语动词用单数,这是“语法一致”原则的体现。

Many a student have passed the exam.(错误)

应将have改为has。

 

陷阱二:all 的谓语单复数。 all指人时谓语用复数,指事物或整体时谓语用单数。

All of the students has finished the work.(错误)

应将has改为have,因为all of the students指个体。

 

陷阱三:few 与 a few 的语义混淆。 有无a改变的是语气肯定还是否定,而非名词类型。

He is so selfish that few people like him.(几乎没有,否定)

He is friendly, so a few people like him.(有几个,肯定)

 

 

专项练习题

练习一(all/both):

______ of the two answers is correct. You need to choose a third one.

A. All  B. Both  C. Neither  D. Either

答案:C

解析: 根据“two answers”可知是两者,且“need to choose a third one”表明前两个都不对,应用Neither。

 

练习二(many a):

Many a boy ______ playing football in the playground.

A. are  B. is  C. were  D. be

答案:B

解析: Many a后接单数名词,谓语动词用单数,故选is。

 

练习三(few/a few):

Although the exam was difficult, ______ students still got high marks.

A. few  B. a few  C. little  D. a little

答案:B

解析: students为可数名词,排除C、D。根据Although引导的让步关系可知,虽然考试难,但仍有几个学生得了高分,表示肯定含义,应用a few。

 

练习四(比较级修饰):

This problem is ______ more complicated than we expected.

A. very  B. more  C. much  D. most

答案:C

解析: 比较级more complicated前需要程度修饰词,very和most不能修饰比较级,more不能重复修饰比较级,应用much。

 

练习五(代词指代一致):

The company has changed ______ policy to attract more young talents.

A. their  B. its  C. it's  D. they're

答案:B

解析: The company为单数集体名词,应用its指代。

 

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