2027年河南专升本英语定语从句知识点整理

1.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

2.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as 做主宾和关系副词when,where,why. 只能做状语

3.关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词，还在从句中充当一个成分。

一、关系代词(做成分：主宾)

1.Who(人，从句中作主语)Whom(人，宾格，从句中作宾语，前可加介词)

The person to whom you spoke is a famous actor.介词放在引导词前只能用whom

The person who(whom)you spoke to is a famous actor.

The boy whom the teacher praised is good at math.

They chose young men , many of whom loved adventures.

2.Whose(多指人，也可物，后必须+名词 ……的)

He mentioned a book whose author I can't remember now.

3.Which(指物，从句中作主语或宾语，宾语时常省略)

注意

关系代词whom,which作从句中介词的宾语，介词一般提前。

但是先行词是时间，介词应放在关系代词which之前，不放在句尾。

I'll never forget the day which I first met youon.(X)

如果whom,which为介词宾语被省略，介词不能提前。

I have the book you are talking about. 不省略 I have the book (about which) you are talking .

The girl he leaned against was his sister. 不省略 The girl (against whom)he leaned was his sister

4.that(指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语或表语可以省略)

He is not the man that he used to be.

注意that在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that.

The house that we live in is not large.

The house in which we live is not large.

The house we live in is not large.

5.That指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that

1)先行词all , everything , nothing , something , anything , little , much等不定代词

2)先行词被all , every , no , some , any , little , much等修饰.

3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时.

That white flower is the only one that I really like.

This is the very book that I want to have.

5)有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

6)当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用

who(whom),which.

7)Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

注意A：以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。

5.as可以代表整个内容，前后都可以，但有逗号分开。翻译为“正如--”。

As we have seen , oceans cover more than 70%of the earth.

Asis known to all , Taiwan is a part of China.

which:前可加介词，前面可加逗号，非限制性定语从句，可以修饰整个句子

二、关系副词(状语)

1.When(表示时间，时间状语)

Time是先行词，前面有序数词和Iast修饰，用that或什么都不用

This is the last time that I shall give a lesson.

The first film I saw him was in 1986.

2.where(表示地点，地点状语)

3.why(表示原因，原因状语，先行词reason)